Reasonable Doubts:
Is the U.S. Executing Innocence People?
October 26, 2000
A Preliminary Report of the Grassroots Investigation Project

Footnotes to Introduction
[6] A recent Columbia University study revealed that state and federal courts found grave constitutional error in two-thirds of the cases they reviewed between 1973-1995. Of these errors, 19% involved police or prosecutors suppressing exculpatory evidence and another 19% involved coerced confessions, use of jailhouse informants, exclusion of black jurors, and other official abuses of power. (See A Broken System: Error Rates in Capital Cases, 1973-1995, James Liebman, Columbia University School of Law, June 2000, available at http://www.thejusticeproject.org)